Eleven Arrested Protesting Monsanto Shareholder Meeting

Dozens of pro­tes­tors from around the globe ral­lied against Mon­san­to, the world’s largest seed com­pa­ny, on Tues­day urg­ing its share­hold­ers to con­sid­er the risks of grow­ing and con­sum­ing genet­i­cal­ly mod­i­fied crops.

Pro­tes­tors, with signs in hand, con­verged at the Mon­san­to head­quar­ters in sub­ur­ban St. Louis, MO dur­ing the company’s annu­al investors meet­ing in sup­port of two share­hold­er res­o­lu­tions that ques­tioned the lev­el of con­t­a­m­i­na­tion passed onto non-GMO (genet­i­cal­ly mod­i­fied organ­isms) crops and request­ed the seed giant end its fight against manda­to­ry labels on foods con­tain­ing GMO ingre­di­ents, reports Reuters.

The res­o­lu­tions failed by con­sid­er­able mar­gins and 11 pro­tes­tors were arrest­ed after attempt­ing to dis­rupt traf­fic near the Mon­san­to gates.

“Right now there’s a grow­ing move­ment to label genet­i­cal­ly mod­i­fied food,” said Dave Mur­phy, exec­u­tive direc­tor of Food Democ­ra­cy Now!, who pre­sent­ed the label­ing pro­pos­al at Tuesday’s share­hold­er meet­ing “Mon­san­to has cho­sen unfor­tu­nate­ly to resist the rights of Amer­i­can peo­ple.”

Over the last two years, Mon­san­to has spent more than $13.4 mil­lion to defeat GMO label­ing efforts in Cal­i­for­nia and Wash­ing­ton state, said Mur­phy.

Share­hold­er Adam Eidinger intro­duced the label­ing res­o­lu­tion, hop­ing to get at least 7 per­cent of investors to sup­port it, but wound up with just 4 per­cent, accord­ing to the St. Louis Post-Dis­patch.

The sec­ond res­o­lu­tion, intro­duced by share­hold­er John Har­ring­ton, focused on Monsanto’s poten­tial lia­bil­i­ty to organ­ic farm­ers. It received just 6.5 per­cent sup­port from investors.

Live audio of the share­hold­er meet­ing, which was broad­cast for the first time on the inter­net, also attract­ed Mon­san­to sup­port­ers, reports the Wall Street Jour­nal.

Justin Dan­hof, gen­er­al coun­sel for the Nation­al Cen­ter for Pub­lic Pol­i­cy Research, told WSJ.com the protest was a “cam­paign of junk sci­ence” against biotech foods. Dan­hof insist­ed Mon­san­to com­bat the envi­ron­men­tal­ist out­cry by enlist­ing its sci­en­tists as spokes­peo­ple on talk radio and oth­er media to cre­ate an open con­ver­sa­tion with the pub­lic.

Accord­ing to Reuters, the protest res­o­lu­tions were backed by envi­ron­men­tal, food safe­ty and con­sumer activist groups. Pro­tes­tors said that 2.6 mil­lion mem­bers of those groups sup­port the anti-GMO ini­tia­tive.

“It’s time that Mon­san­to join the 21st cen­tu­ry and allow Amer­i­cans the basic right to know what’s in their food, some­thing that’s already done in 64 oth­er coun­tries around the world. Why not Amer­i­ca?” said Mur­phy.

Eleven Arrested Protesting Monsanto Shareholder Meeting

photo credit: Eco Watch

30/1/14

photo credit: Eco Watch

30/1/14

Dozens of pro­tes­tors from around the globe ral­lied against Mon­san­to, the world’s largest seed com­pa­ny, on Tues­day urg­ing its share­hold­ers to con­sid­er the risks of grow­ing and con­sum­ing genet­i­cal­ly mod­i­fied crops.

Pro­tes­tors, with signs in hand, con­verged at the Mon­san­to head­quar­ters in sub­ur­ban St. Louis, MO dur­ing the company’s annu­al investors meet­ing in sup­port of two share­hold­er res­o­lu­tions that ques­tioned the lev­el of con­t­a­m­i­na­tion passed onto non-GMO (genet­i­cal­ly mod­i­fied organ­isms) crops and request­ed the seed giant end its fight against manda­to­ry labels on foods con­tain­ing GMO ingre­di­ents, reports Reuters.

The res­o­lu­tions failed by con­sid­er­able mar­gins and 11 pro­tes­tors were arrest­ed after attempt­ing to dis­rupt traf­fic near the Mon­san­to gates.

“Right now there’s a grow­ing move­ment to label genet­i­cal­ly mod­i­fied food,” said Dave Mur­phy, exec­u­tive direc­tor of Food Democ­ra­cy Now!, who pre­sent­ed the label­ing pro­pos­al at Tuesday’s share­hold­er meet­ing “Mon­san­to has cho­sen unfor­tu­nate­ly to resist the rights of Amer­i­can peo­ple.”

Over the last two years, Mon­san­to has spent more than $13.4 mil­lion to defeat GMO label­ing efforts in Cal­i­for­nia and Wash­ing­ton state, said Mur­phy.

Share­hold­er Adam Eidinger intro­duced the label­ing res­o­lu­tion, hop­ing to get at least 7 per­cent of investors to sup­port it, but wound up with just 4 per­cent, accord­ing to the St. Louis Post-Dis­patch.

The sec­ond res­o­lu­tion, intro­duced by share­hold­er John Har­ring­ton, focused on Monsanto’s poten­tial lia­bil­i­ty to organ­ic farm­ers. It received just 6.5 per­cent sup­port from investors.

Live audio of the share­hold­er meet­ing, which was broad­cast for the first time on the inter­net, also attract­ed Mon­san­to sup­port­ers, reports the Wall Street Jour­nal.

Justin Dan­hof, gen­er­al coun­sel for the Nation­al Cen­ter for Pub­lic Pol­i­cy Research, told WSJ.com the protest was a “cam­paign of junk sci­ence” against biotech foods. Dan­hof insist­ed Mon­san­to com­bat the envi­ron­men­tal­ist out­cry by enlist­ing its sci­en­tists as spokes­peo­ple on talk radio and oth­er media to cre­ate an open con­ver­sa­tion with the pub­lic.

Accord­ing to Reuters, the protest res­o­lu­tions were backed by envi­ron­men­tal, food safe­ty and con­sumer activist groups. Pro­tes­tors said that 2.6 mil­lion mem­bers of those groups sup­port the anti-GMO ini­tia­tive.

“It’s time that Mon­san­to join the 21st cen­tu­ry and allow Amer­i­cans the basic right to know what’s in their food, some­thing that’s already done in 64 oth­er coun­tries around the world. Why not Amer­i­ca?” said Mur­phy.

Australia: Anti-mining Blockade at Maules Creek Steps It Up a Notch

Maules Creek mining site protest.
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Maules Creek mining site protest.  Photo credit: Leard Forest Alliance

28.01.14 — More than 100 pro­test­ers have blocked access for work crews in the Leard State For­est as the cam­paign to block con­struc­tion of the Maules Creek open-cut coal mine expands.

Work­ers from White­haven Coal, the devel­op­er of the planned mine in north­ern NSW, were turned away ear­ly on Tues­day, said Georgina Woods, spokes­woman for the Leard For­est Alliance. Machin­ery is tied up at three sites and four access roads are blocked, she said.

“We’re basi­cal­ly dig­ging in to stop them from using the machines to clear the for­est,” said Ms Woods. “It’s not going to end until this for­est gets a reprieve.”

 

Police have arrest­ed at least 10 pro­test­ers since the main block­ade began about two weeks ago. One pro­test­er has been arrest­ed on Tues­day as police move in on cam­paign­ers attached to sev­er­al struc­tures on the work site.

The cam­paign­ers want fed­er­al Envi­ron­ment Min­is­ter Greg Hunt to revoke approval to clear the for­est for coal min­ing.

Police and the Rur­al Fire Ser­vice this month suc­ceed­ed in hav­ing the Leard for­est declared closed to the pub­lic until March 31 by the Forestry Cor­po­ra­tion of NSW because of fire risks. The move sparked com­plaints by envi­ron­men­tal groups and a fire­fight­ers’ union.

Coun­cil evic­tion vote

A sep­a­rate move by the Narrabri Coun­cil to evict the pro­test­ers from crown land under their con­trol will now pro­ceed after after sev­er­al coun­cil­lors had lodged an objec­tion to the move. The coun­cil brought for­ward a vote on the evic­tion from Feb­ru­ary 4 and passed the evic­tion order on Tues­day after­noon.

“There’s a pre­dic­tion that there’s very hot weath­er on the way,” said Bevan O’Regan, one of the coun­cil­lors who halt­ed the orig­i­nal coun­cil move, detail­ing the rea­son giv­en for the ear­ly vote.

Mr O’Regan said the council’s gen­er­al man­ag­er may not pro­ceed to issue fines for those who refuse to move on from crown land.

“The ques­tion is now whether they will start evict­ing, or is it a bluff?,” said Mr O’Regan. “We’ll soon find out,” he said, adding that the pro­tes­tors may not move their camps back into the for­est.

The Bureau of Mete­o­rol­o­gy is fore­cast­ing a max­i­mum of 35 degrees on Tues­day and then six days rang­ing from 37 to 40 degrees.

Among peo­ple risk­ing arrest on Tues­day is Bill Ryan, a legal­ly blind 91-year old Koko­da vet­er­an, who is tak­ing part with his 65-year old son, cam­paign­ers said.

“This block­ade has giv­en our com­mu­ni­ty hope that we are not just the col­lat­er­al dam­age of the coal indus­try,” said Maules Creek res­i­dent Roslyn Druce in a state­ment “(It) is doing the job the gov­ern­ment should have done, pro­tect­ing an irre­place­able for­est.”

Earth First! Winter Moot 7–9 March 2014: programme up

A week­end gath­er­ing for peo­ple involved or want to know more about eco­log­i­cal direct action around the UK includ­ing fight­ing open­cast coal, frack­ing, GM, nuclear pow­er, new road build­ing and quar­ries with dis­cus­sions and cam­paign plan­ning — empha­sis on the tac­tics and strate­gies, com­mu­ni­ty sol­i­dar­i­ty and sus­tain­able activism.

A week­end gath­er­ing for peo­ple involved or want to know more about eco­log­i­cal direct action around the UK includ­ing fight­ing open­cast coal, frack­ing, GM, nuclear pow­er, new road build­ing and quar­ries with dis­cus­sions and cam­paign plan­ning — empha­sis on the tac­tics and strate­gies, com­mu­ni­ty sol­i­dar­i­ty and sus­tain­able activism.

Evening Fri­day 7th — after­noon Sun­day 9th March 2014, Not­ting­ham

Cost scale £20 to £30. This includes full veg­an meals and accom­mo­da­tion.

It will be an indoor floor sleep­ing space so bring a warm sleep­ing bag and mat. Train to Not­ting­ham then tram to Bea­cons­field street– walk to the end turn right on to Glad­stone St — 245 Glad­stone St, Not­ting­ham NG7 6HX — www.earthfirst.org.uk

Full map/travel details

For offers of help or ques­tions email themiddle@earthfirst.org.uk

 

Programme

Friday

16.30–17.30 Secu­ri­ty Work­shop
17.30–18.30 Film

18.30 Din­ner

20.00 Ben­e­fit Gig

Saturday

8.30–9.30 Break­fast
9.30–10.45 Intro go round of cam­paigns

10.45–11.00 Break

11.00–12.00 Future of Earth First Part 1
12.00–13.00 Secu­ri­ty Work­shop

13.00–14.00 Lunch

14.00–14.30 Lush/fundraising work­shop
14.30–18.15 Cam­paign Work­shops (tim­ings to be finalised to include Frack­ing, Nuclear, Roads and Coal)
18.15–18.30 Sum­mer Gath­er­ing han­dover

18.30 Din­ner
20.00 DJ??

Sunday

9.00–10.00 Break­fast fry up
10.00–10.30 Tidy up of venue
10.30–11.30 Feed­back go round
11.30–12.30 Future of Earth First Part 2
12.30–14.00 Sum­mer Gath­er­ing Plan­ning (and time of oth­er work­shops to run in par­al­lel)

14.00–15.00 Lunch
15.00 End

Anti-Highway Protester Faces Eight Year Sentence

Will Parrish in the wick drain stitcher. Jan­u­ary 22nd From June 20th to July 1st, local­ly well-known jour­nal­ist and activist Will Par­rish lived 50 feet above ground in a wick drain &l

Will Parrish in the wick drain stitcher. Jan­u­ary 22nd From June 20th to July 1st, local­ly well-known jour­nal­ist and activist Will Par­rish lived 50 feet above ground in a wick drain “stitch­er” in the north­ern Lit­tle Lake Val­ley (ie, Willits Val­ley) wet­lands, where the Cal­i­for­nia Depart­ment of Trans­porta­tion (Cal­Trans) is build­ing an unnec­es­sary and envi­ron­men­tal­ly destruc­tive free­way bypass.

By putting his body inside the frame­work of this destruc­tive equip­ment, which is in the process of installing rough­ly 55,000 80-foot drainage tubes into the Lit­tle Lake wet­lands, Will blocked it from oper­at­ing and brought nation­wide atten­tion to the harm Cal­Trans is caus­ing the Lit­tle Lake Val­ley water­shed.  This harm includes destroy­ing the largest North­ern Cal­i­for­nia wet­lands area of any project in over 50 years.

As pun­ish­ment for Will’s more than 11 day stand on behalf of the Valley’s land and peo­ple, Men­do­ci­no Coun­ty Dis­trict Attor­ney David Eyster is charg­ing him with 16 mis­de­meanors (14 counts of “unlaw­ful entry” and two of “resist­ing arrest”), with a max­i­mum eight-year jail sen­tence.  He also wants Will to pay Cal­trans a mind-bog­gling $490,002 in resti­tu­tion. This is an unheard of move by a dis­trict attor­ney in Men­do­ci­no and Hum­boldt Coun­ties, which each have a rich tra­di­tion of strug­gle for social jus­tice and the nat­ur­al envi­ron­ment.  If the DA and Cal­trans have their way, Will would spend the rest of his life pay­ing off these absurd penal­ties.

About The Case

When Men­do­ci­no Coun­ty DA David Eyster first filed a com­plaint against Will on July 2nd, the charges con­sist­ed of three infrac­tions cor­re­spond­ing to each of Will’s three non-vio­lent arrests protest­ing the Bypass.  This com­plaint includ­ed a require­ment to pay undis­closed resti­tu­tion fees.

Under an infrac­tion, the defendant’s case is presided over by a judge rather than a jury.  Will was unwill­ing to accept the uncapped resti­tu­tion stip­u­la­tion and was also adamant about his right to receive a jury tri­al, so his attor­ney (Omar Figueroa of Sebastopol) asked that Eyster re-file the charges as mis­de­meanors.  Will under­stood and accept­ed that the infrac­tions would become mis­de­meanors, and would include the pos­si­bil­i­ty of jail time, but was not pre­pared for Eyster’s arbi­trary deci­sion to add thir­teen addi­tion­al counts for mis­de­meanor vio­la­tions.

Notably, Will already endured a form of house arrest in the wick drain stitch­er and was deprived of food, water and med­ical atten­tion by the CHP (at the behest of Cal­Trans). The CHP even arrest­ed six peo­ple who attempt­ed to bring him sup­plies.  Will went for almost six days with no food, sur­vived par­tial­ly on rain water, and was bit­ter­ly cold after being drenched by more than two days of unsea­son­al rain.

Why Will Is Pur­su­ing a Jury Tri­al

This part of the case bears repeat­ing. There is a com­mon mis­con­cep­tion that Will is seek­ing a jury tri­al because he wants to lever­age his case for max­i­mum pub­lic­i­ty.  This claim has been repeat­ed in numer­ous media accounts of the case.  But it is large­ly untrue.  While Will is indeed inter­est­ed in max­i­mum pub­lic­i­ty for his case, he is exer­cis­ing his Con­sti­tu­tion­al right to a jury tri­al pri­mar­i­ly because of DA Eyster’s dra­con­ian insis­tence that he pay crim­i­nal resti­tu­tion to Cal­trans.

Will believes a jury tri­al pro­vides the best oppor­tu­ni­ty for him to oppose the crim­i­nal resti­tu­tion stip­u­la­tion.

Will adamant­ly oppos­es this harsh crim­i­nal­iza­tion of envi­ron­men­tal activism on prin­ci­pal, par­tic­u­lar­ly when the real crim­i­nals in this case are those who pre­side over Cal­trans’ Willits Bypass con­struc­tion.  Crim­i­nal resti­tu­tion has not been pur­sued against direct action pro­test­ers in North­ern Cal­i­for­nia in recent mem­o­ry.  Thus, the impo­si­tion of resti­tu­tion would also have a chill­ing effect against future activism.  Besides not want­i­ng to be in a posi­tion of pay­ing off Cal­trans for the rest of his life, Will is dead set against see­ing peo­ple who stand on their rights to defend the earth from ille­gal plun­der be per­se­cut­ed for it. He is will­ing to risk a jail sen­tence to oppose this dan­ger­ous prece­dent.

HUNTING TOWERS TOPPLED, BURNED AND BLOWN UP

Jan­u­ary 20, 2014 — Ger­many  The fol­low­ing is a sum­ma­ry of recent inci­dents in Ger­many report­ed on the Anti-Hunt­ing Blog (ani­mal rights activists may not be respon­si­ble for all of these inci­dents):

Jan­u­ary 20, 2014 — Ger­many  The fol­low­ing is a sum­ma­ry of recent inci­dents in Ger­many report­ed on the Anti-Hunt­ing Blog (ani­mal rights activists may not be respon­si­ble for all of these inci­dents):

- A hunt­ing seat/tower was destroyed by fire in Het­ten­shausen (Bavaria) on Jan­u­ary 18.

- Accord­ing to news reports, between Jan­u­ary 6–7 a hunt­ing tow­er at the edge of a nature reserve near Salem (Schleswig-Hol­stein) was knocked over. Two oth­er hunt­ing tow­ers in the same area were dam­aged in Novem­ber and Decem­ber. Police blamed “Mil­i­tant hunt­ing oppo­nents.”

- In ear­ly Jan­u­ary, two hunt­ing tow­ers were demol­ished near Hagen (North Rhine-West­phalia). Local police spec­u­lat­ed that ani­mal rights activists were respon­si­ble.

- On Decem­ber 24, a hunt­ing tow­er was set on fire near the city of Hildesheim (Low­er Sax­ony).

- Police are inves­ti­gat­ing an explo­sion that com­plete­ly destroyed a hunt­ing tow­er in Poll­ha­gen (Low­er Sax­ony) in mid-Decem­ber. The exact cause of the blast has not been deter­mined.

- Late on Decem­ber 14 a hunt­ing tow­er was dam­aged by an explo­sion in Samern (Low­er Sax­ony). pho­to: gn-online.de

- On Novem­ber 14, the inside of a hunt­ing tow­er in Dud­er­stadt (Low­er Sax­ony) was soaked with butyric acid, mak­ing it unus­able.

Moscow, Russia: ELF Torch Excavator and Dozer During New Year Festivities

Dur­ing the night of Decem­ber 31 – Jan­u­ary 1 we torched 2 vehi­cles used in devel­op­ment project in South­ern Moscow. Secu­ri­ty didn’t expect us to show up as they were busy drink­ing them­selves into obliv­ion at the guard­house. So we used 2 jel­ly cans of gaso­line and some rags to destroy unguard­ed machin­ery.

Dur­ing the night of Decem­ber 31 – Jan­u­ary 1 we torched 2 vehi­cles used in devel­op­ment project in South­ern Moscow. Secu­ri­ty didn’t expect us to show up as they were busy drink­ing them­selves into obliv­ion at the guard­house. So we used 2 jel­ly cans of gaso­line and some rags to destroy unguard­ed machin­ery. No harm came from our actions (only harm being made was that to the developer’s purse).

We ded­i­cate this action to anar­chists from Belarus, those who stay impris­oned. Guys, we remem­ber you, we miss you and wait for you to become free again. We ask for ABC Belarus to help us in spread­ing this infor­ma­tion and let­ting our impris­oned com­rades know of our words and deed. We hope the news will help to light­en up the mood and keep you warm and smil­ing in the grey prison real­i­ty.

As for our ecode­fence activism, we are not plan­ning to make a U‑turn. Unlike Mrs. Chiriko­va [self-pro­claimed leader of mass protests dur­ing Khim­ki for­est strug­gle — trans.] we are not look­ing for a com­fort­able chair in local admin­is­tra­tion. So we can afford to do what needs be done. We don’t accept moan­ings like: “Vio­lence is bad, we shouldn’t be torch­ing vehi­cles, we should get more sig­na­tures under peti­tion, so as to be heard by fed­er­al gov­ern­ment.” This reminds us of the fears of a per­son who’s afraid to loose the good­will of pow­ers-that-be. If we allow some­body to com­mit vio­lence against our­selves, it means we’re rais­ing the white flag. It is time to ques­tion the ratio­nale behind con­tin­u­ous with­draw­al under the blows of author­i­ties. It is time to stop hid­ing your inabil­i­ty to act behind phras­es like: “we shouldn’t act, this is vio­lent tac­tics” or “this is too macho-ist” or “this is ille­gal”. If you want to ask for per­mis­sion to protest, you must under­stand that you’re in fact sell­ing your­selves. Only uncon­trol­lable forms of resis­tance can hope to remain free. Any protest coor­di­nat­ed from under lib­er­al umbrel­la orga­ni­za­tion is doomed to a fail­ure. Gath­er your strengths, stay free and be wild, god damn it!

Blockade of Mine Site Enters Third Day

mb_wide_maules-20140115000958462076-620x349 14th Jan­u­ary 2014 Activists have block­ad­ed the Maules Creek mine site at Bog­gabri in New South Wales, Aus­tralia, for three days now.

mb_wide_maules-20140115000958462076-620x349 14th Jan­u­ary 2014 Activists have block­ad­ed the Maules Creek mine site at Bog­gabri in New South Wales, Aus­tralia, for three days now.

On Mon­day, 30 pro­tes­tors, includ­ing mem­bers of Abo­rig­i­nal groups and the orga­ni­za­tion Leard For­est Alliance, descend­ed on the site, with some lock­ing them­selves to heavy machines.

Yes­ter­day, 10 more pro­tes­tors joined the group, re-enforc­ing an ad-hoc encamp­ment and lock­ing down to bull­doz­ers.

The Leard For­est is set to be destroyed by the open pit coal mine, and the heavy machines are sup­posed to start clear­ing for­est for Wite­haven Coal’s oper­a­tion. The for­est is impor­tant habi­tat, as well as a cul­tur­al and bur­ial site for Abo­rig­i­nal peo­ple in the area.

Activist group the Leard For­est Alliance said the heavy vehi­cles were at the site to begin clear­ing for­est for a road and rail­way line to ser­vice White­haven Coal’s $767 mil­lion open-cut coalmine. The alliance says the mine will destroy Abo­rig­i­nal cul­tur­al and bur­ial sites and valu­able for­est and ani­mals.

Peru: Achuar Indigenous Leader on Prison Hunger Strike

Mon­day, Jan­u­ary 13th, 2014  Achuar indige­nous leader Segun­do Gar­cía San­di began a hunger strike Jan. 7 to demand his free­dom at Huayabam­ba prison in Iqui­tos, Peru. Gar­cía San­di was arrest­ed Dec.

Mon­day, Jan­u­ary 13th, 2014  Achuar indige­nous leader Segun­do Gar­cía San­di began a hunger strike Jan. 7 to demand his free­dom at Huayabam­ba prison in Iqui­tos, Peru. Gar­cía San­di was arrest­ed Dec. 5, on charges of tam­per­ing with an oil pipeline run by Argen­tine com­pa­ny Plus­petrol through his people’s ter­ri­to­ry in the remote north of Lore­to depart­ment. He claims he is being held ille­gal­ly with­out evi­dence, but a habeas cor­pus action filed by his sup­port­ers has met with no response by Peru’s judi­cial author­i­ties.

Gar­cía Sandi’s orga­ni­za­tion, the Río Cor­ri­entes Fed­er­a­tion of Native Com­mu­ni­ties (FECONACO), asserts the arrest is retal­i­a­tion for his demands for envi­ron­men­tal jus­tice. FECONACO reports that five Achuar chil­dren died in Decem­ber as a result of con­t­a­m­i­na­tion relat­ed to oil oper­a­tions in the area, and that a state of emer­gency announced by Envi­ron­ment Min­is­ter Manuel Pul­gar-Vidal in Octo­ber for the Cor­ri­entes Val­ley, call­ing for spe­cial mon­i­tor­ing, is going unen­forced. The Envi­ron­ment Min­istry in Novem­ber took the rare step of fin­ing Plus­petrol $7 mil­lion for con­t­a­m­i­na­tion to the Lore­to rain­for­est. (Servin­di, Jan. 11; La Región, Lore­to, Jan. 8; Mar­iátegui blog, Jan. 7; La Región, Dec. 20; AP, Nov. 27)